Effectiveness of Subtitles in L2 Classrooms: A Meta-Analysis Study

The use of subtitles in language-learning environments has received considerable attention. Nevertheless, conclusive findings have yet to be reached regarding the effectiveness integrating into L2 classrooms. This meta-analysis examined overall enhance learners’ L2. A total 26 experimental studies conducted between 2010 and 2022 were analyzed examine performance classroom learners based on as a teaching/learning tool, compared who did not subtitles. investigated how effect sizes varied depending skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation), institutional level (school, university, language institute), participants’ native (L1), proficiency, implementation mode. results indicated that classrooms medium size (d = 0.69), different variables affecting learning are reported. Several pedagogical implications discussed light findings, which can help promote successful integration